Morphine
Categories
Summary
The prototypical opioid drug, a powerful analgesic with euphoric qualities, found in the seeds and wax of the plant papaver somniferum (opium poppy). First isolated by Friedrich Sertürner in 1805, named for its sleep-inducing qualities. Do not combine with other depressants, may cause dangerous respiratory depression in overdose.
Dose Information
Onset, Duration & After-effects
- Onset:
- Rectal: 10-30 minutes
- Oral_ir: 10-30 minutes
- Insufflated: 10-30 minutes
- Intramuscular: 0-1 minutes
- Intravenous: 0-1 minutes
- Oral_er: 40-80 minutes
- Duration:
- Intravenous: 2-4 hours
- Insufflated: 4-5 hours
- Oral_er: 4-10 hours
- Intramuscular: 2-4 hours
- Oral_ir: 4-6 hours
- Rectal: 3-4 hours
- After-effects:
- 1-12 hours
Effects
- Euphoria
- Dry Mouth
- Mood lift
- Itchiness
- Relaxant
- Constipation
- Pupil constriction
- Analgesia
Helpful Links
Known Combinations
Studies & References
- Codeine analgesia is due to codeine-6-glucuronide, not morphine.
- Dextromethorphan potentiates the antinociceptive effects of morphine and the delta-opioid agonist SNC80 in squirrel monkeys.
- Magnesium increases morphine analgesic effect in different experimental models of pain.
- Identification of CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 as the major cytochrome P450 s responsible for morphine N-demethylation in human liver microsomes.
- 4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide in roasted coffee inhibits [3H]naloxone binding and reverses anti-nociceptive effects of morphine in mice.
- Evaluation the effects of dextromethorphan and midazolam on morphine induced tolerance and dependence in mice.
- Enhancement by grapefruit juice of morphine antinociception.
- Low-Dose Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Agonist Attenuates Tolerance to Repeated Morphine Administration via Regulating μ-Opioid Receptor Expression i...
- Influence of a high-fat meal on the absorption of morphine from oral solutions.
- Discriminative stimulus effects of reversible and irreversible opiate agonists: morphine, oxymorphazone and buprenorphine.
- Endogenous codeine and morphine in poor and extensive metabolisers of the CYP2D6 (debrisoquine/sparteine) polymorphism.
- The effect of food intake on the pharmacokinetics of sustained-release morphine sulfate capsules.